An exosome is a type of small vesicle or bubble found in the microscopic size and in various biological fluids. They participate in various biological processes, such as providing communication between cells and transmitting signals. Exosomes are formed inside the cell and can be released out of the cell membrane, contributing to various cellular functions. Exosomes can contain a variety of cellular contents, including proteins, nucleic acids (RNA and DNA), lipids, and metabolites. These properties make exosomes a tool for the transmission of genetic material and other molecular information between cells. Exosomes can play a role in many biological processes such as immune system regulation, cell signaling, cell growth, and tissue repair. In addition, exosomes are of great importance in research and in medicine, a field that focuses on cellular communication and the understanding of diseases. In this field, exosomes are examined as biomarkers and therapeutic tools that can potentially be used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The term “autologous exosome” refers to exosomes obtained from a person’s own cells. The term “autologus” means the one belonging to the same individual. In this context, autologous exosomes are exosomes produced using the patient’s own biological material and used for therapeutic or research purposes. Autologous exosomes are usually obtained from samples taken from the patient’s body. It is often used in research and potential therapeutic applications that focus on regulating cellular communication, supporting regeneration or treating diseases. Research and applications in this field are developing rapidly. In addition, it is thought that autologous exosomes may have less potential for exposure to immune incompatibility problems because they are derived from the patients’ own bodies.